Julius von mayer was a doctor and physicist who discovered that energy is conserved by studying his patients on an ocean voyage. james prescott joule was a physicist who also discovered that energy is conserved in an experiment with weights and a paddle in water. how does this illustrate the relationship between multiple approaches and the same result?
a)scientists do not need to work in the same discipline.
b)scientists must be able to understand multiple disciplines.
c)scientists in different disciplines do not all need to gather data.
d)scientists must use very different experiments.

10. in which phase will crossing-over occur? a. mitosis b. metaphase ii c. prophase i d. meiosis ii

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation

Which is an example of a vestigial structure? a: paw of a lionb: wing of a birdc: appendix of a humand: tail of a cat(i think it's a but i'm not sure)