(20 points) when joshua went to the doctor for his allergy shot, the doctor rubbed alcohol on his arm, before he gave him his shot, now just the smell of alcohol makes him anxious. this can be explained by:

a: observational learning

b: classical conditioning

c: operant conditioning

d: discrimination

Since gaining independence from spain and portugal, many latin american nations have faced similar struggles. choose a common issue discussed in this lesson, such as the influence of military dictatorships, struggles with democracy, or continuing revolutions and coups. in a short paragraph, discuss how that struggle has affected two latin american nations.