the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is
the total amount of biomass.
o the total energy captured by photosynthesis.
o the energy available to primary consumers.
the energy captured after accounting for respiration.

Prior to the creation of the us constitution, the general view of representative government is that it only worked in very small-scale environments- essentially a city-state or smaller. otherwise, the actual reflection of popular will declined in the representatives (ie, the difference between 1 representative per 100 citizens and 1 representative per 10,000 citizens), and generally the whole process became inefficient and self-destructive.james madison, however, was like 'no beezy'. he remarked that small republics were prone to faction and thus collapsed quickly. a large republic, he said, had so many interests and factions that none could rule, and thus they had to moderate and compromise.

Psychologists often talk of the magical number "7" - so it is generally assumed that we can keep 7 (more or less, so 5-9 is the correct answer) items in our short term memory - we know this as a result of many experiments.

we can increase this by chunking, so for example "7 8 9 5 3" is harder to remember than "78 95 3" - try it yourself!

the answer is a)