Aphotograph shows a city with buildings that stand 3 to 10 stories tall. several of the buildings are partially demolished, and there is debris between them where other buildings might have stood.
hamburg, germany, 1942–45
© private collection/the stapleton collection/bridgeman art library/universal images group/image quest 2015

how did the prevalence of scenes like the one shown in the image affect the united states following world war ii?

the united states did not have to spend time and money rebuilding, which gave it an economic advantage over war-ravaged nations.
the united states gave financial support to european nations after the war, causing the american nation to go into debt and decreasing its industrial output.
the united states was prevented from having a say in the restructuring of european boundaries, reducing its political influence in the world.
the united states took control of damaged factories, rebuilding them and selling them to american and foreign companies at a large profit.

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Answer:     the interval on which the curve is concave up is  (-∞, -1/2)======    we find the interval where this curve is concave up by finding the interval in which the 2nd derivative is positive.differentiate the curve equation with respect to x    let the function f denote be the anti-derivative of the inside expression, i.e. a function such that .then use the fundamental theorem of calculus:     differentiate again to get second derivative. we can use chain rule with 1/x as the outside function and 1 + x + x² as the inside function    find critical numbers of the second derivative. these numbers are where the 2nd deriv. is undefined or zero.where the 2nd derivative is zero: set (d²y/dx²) to equal 0 and solve for x    where the 2nd derivative is undefined: if the denominator is equal to zero, the derivative will be undefeined. attempting to solve the equation    1 + x + x² = 0results in a discriminant of      meaning that the equal 1 + x + x² = 0 has no real solutions and therefore will never equal zero.======our only critical number is x = -1/2.this forms two intervals to test the sign for: (-∞, -1/2) and (-1/2, ∞)test values into the 2nd derivative for (-∞, -1/2)if we try x = -1, we get      so the since the 2nd derivative of the curve is positive on the interval  (-∞, -1/2), the curve is concave up on (-∞, -1/2)test values into the 2nd derivative for (-1/2, ∞)if we try x = 0, we get      so the since the 2nd derivative of the curve is positive on the interval  (-∞, -1/2), the  curve is concave down on (-∞, -1/2).the interval on which the curve is concave up is  (-∞, -1/2)

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