The inflationary spiral explains the causes and effects of high inflation. the spiral usually begins with a rise in production costs. what is the direct effect?

The direct effect of that occurrence would be : producers rise prices to continue to make profit.
If the cost of production increased, the only way to still gain profit is to raise the price of the products to cover the icnreases

hope this helps

Black minnaloushe’ was maud’s cat (or iseult gonne’s cat…or lady gregory’s cat…depending on which source you credit); nevertheless the cat in this poem can be seen to represent yeats. it is made obvious in other of yeats’ poems from the time that he is unhappy with the fact that he never took enough action (political? pursuing his love for maud? ) and therefore believed himself somewhat predictable and sedentary
‘the moon’ represents maud; in literature the moon is a traditional symbol/metaphor for women – the waxing and waning of the moon having long been associated with the menstrual cycle. other reasons that yeats may have chosen the moon to act as a metaphor for maud is that she was a traveller and a revolutionary – constancy was not her forte! moonlight can also be seen from everywhere and therefore you cannot get away from it. yeats almost feels tormented by maud, not being able to get her off his mind. yet she facilitates his own importance because her moonlight lights the cat – the implication here is that despite his frustrations with her, maud is behind yeats’ greatness. she is the muse which drives his art – without her, neither he nor his poetry, can exist.