[AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY]
D. Using the data shown in the table, describe the ability of China's population to replace itself over time.

E. Explain how China's population statistics are unusual for a country with an economy that is still in the process of industrializing.

Looking at the table, we can see that China's fertility rate is less than the replacement rate, which means that the country is not able to replace itself over time. This is unusual as underdeveloped countries tend to have very high fertility rates.

We can arrive at this answer because:

This happens because, unlike other underdeveloped countries, China has gone through a strong family planning process, which has limited the right of families to generate descendants.

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D. In order for a country's population to be able to replace itself over time, its total fertility rate needs to be above what is known as replacement fertility. This is the fertility rate at which women give birth to enough babies to sustain population levels. Most of the time, this is set at 2.1 children per woman. The replacement rate can be higher in underdeveloped countries due to maternal mortality and child mortality. According to the table, China's fertility rate is at 1.8, which is below replacement fertility. This means that the population of China would not be able to replace itself over time.

E. China's population statistics are unusual for an economy that is still in the process of industrializing. This is because underdeveloped countries tend to have higher fertility rates, due to low levels of education, lack of family planning or high mother and child mortality. Therefore, we would normally expect China to have a higher fertility rate, as it is not a completely industrialized country yet.