The expectation that participants do not suffer psychological or physical injury as a result of participation is known as the standard of harm standard of consent standard of deception standard of confidentiality standard of animal research

The correct answer is A. Standard of harm

Explanation:

In research, one principle that protects participants is the standard of harm or principle of minimizing the risk of harm. This principle means the study is not designed to cause hurt participants, and researchers will minimize/eliminate any factor that can cause this. Additionally, this considers psychological and physical harm, as well as, other types of harm such as harm to the financial/social status. In this context, it is the standard of harm the one related to injuries as a result of participation.

the answer is not negative reinforcement.