Margaret Bayard Smith was a close personal friend of Thomas Jefferson - founder of the party of the ‘common man'. By 1829, how had the nation changed, and how would Jefferson, had he been alive, feel about the election of Andrew Jackson?

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a.marty knocks over his mother's prize fern so she gives him a time out. b.gwen mows the lawn and her dad takes her out for ice cream. c.tara takes an aspirin, and her headache begins to go away. d. peter comes in late from his lunch and is fired from his job.

Achange in any of the following factors will cause investment spending and aggregate demand to change excepta. the interest rate effect b. expected business conditionsc. real interest rate d. expected future returns created by new technology e. expected business taxes

For review 1. in terms of which government is sovereign, differentiate among a unitary system, a confed- eral system, and a federal system of government. 2. to which level of government does the constitution distribute the enumerated po implied powers? concurrent powers? reserved powers? provide several power. 3. what matters fall within the scope of state sovereignty? differentiate among dual federalism, cooperative federalism, centralized federalism, and conflicted federalism. how does the national government use grants-in-aid, mandates, and preemption to direct the policy of state and local governments? 6. what do we mean by intergovernmental relations? why is the term a good description of u.s. federalism today? 7. list several advantages and several disadvantages of a federal system.