All of the following are examples of a centugal force EXCEPT A. autonomous groups

B. religious differences

C. failing economy

D. constitution

E. ethnocentrism

D. constitution

Explanation:

Centrifugal forces are things that divide people or pull them apart. All of the options besides D put up divisions between people. However, a constitution would not divide people as it is the law of the country.  

1. a

2. a

3. c

4. d

6. b

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the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.