What would be the simplest way for a sodium atom to achieve electron stability?

The simplest way for a sodium to achieve electron stability IS TO GIVE ONE ELECTRON AWAY.
Sodium has atomic number 11, which means, it has one electron in its outermost shell. To attain stability, the sodium atom will give away this electron by reacting with another atom such as chlorine, which needs just one electron to attain stability.

A. is considered an abiotic factor