Part B Where did Berthollet make his observations on sodium carbonate, where he postulated that heat and reactant concentration
can affect a chemical reaction?

On a certain portion of an experiment, a statistical test result yielded a p-value of 0.18. what can you conclude? 2(0.18) = 0.36 < 0.5; the test is not statistically significant. if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 18% of the time, so the test is not statistically significant. if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 82% of the time, so the test is not statistically significant. 0.18 > 0.05; the test is statistically significant. p = 1 - 0.18 = 0.82 > 0.05; the test is statistically significant.

Analyze and evaluate the motivation and the rationale behind western expansion through the louisiana purchase that took hold in the united states at the start of the 19th century (long essay question)

Why is it essential to operationally define the variables in a study?