The Constitution helped to ensure judicial independence, in part, by having judges be appointed instead of elected, and by giving them a life term. Using Federalist #78, explain Hamilton’s arguments for appointment of judges and life terms.

Which of the following situations would most likely occur if a human-induced event caused the ocean water to become the same temperature around the world? deep ocean current circulation would increase salt distribution around the world's oceans. surface ocean current circulation would distribute heat around land masses at a faster rate. new, fresher water would float on top of dense salt water and limit thermohaline circulation. some land masses in the northern hemisphere would start to warm up over time, melting snow and ice. runoff of surface freshwaters and rainfall would no longer have an effect on the salinity of ocean waters.

Abdid is an astronomer who has been observing objects that orbit the sun in the asteroid belt. he finds a previously undiscovered round, rocky object that is not similar in shape to the rest of the asteroids. what has abdid most likely found?

What type of commercial speech is not protected by the 1st amendment?