1. Which of the following statements explains how migration can affect population size?
- Immigration of a new population only leads to detrimental effects on the native species.
- Emigration of a population will cause the other native populations to emigrate, as well.
- Immigration of a new population higher predators could lead to an increase in the population of the producers.
- Emigration of a native population higher predators will lead to an increase in the population of the producers.

2. A mechanic is dumping used car oil onto the ground near his shop. How might this activity affect the local watershed?

- The oil will likely wash downhill without affecting any nearby water bodies when it rains.
- The oil will likely soak through and contaminate the soil through infiltration.
- The oil will likely poison local plants and animals that ingest it, but not affect other communities.
- The oil will likely be reused as a fossil fuel in the following weeks through fracking.

3. Raising large amounts of cattle without the aid of hormones is a characteristic of which type of meat production?
- Hand-fed nurturing
- Feedlots
- Free-range grazing
- Overgrazing

4. Which mineral mining practice is least likely to degrade the surface of the Earth?

- Strip mining
- Open-pit mining
- Smelting
- Heap leaching

5. Which of the following would likely occur as a result of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation event?

- An increase in ocean surface temperatures in the Pacific
- A decrease in snowfall over the northern Atlantic region of the United States
- A decrease in the number of warm weather days around the central Pacific
- An increase in the number of warm weather days around the central Pacific

6. Many organizations are looking for ways to cap the amount of carbon dioxide a company or country can be permitted to release through its activities in a given period of time. Which "commons" are these organizations directly seeking to protect?
- The global atmosphere
- Worldwide fossil fuel supplies
- Worldwide sources of fresh water
- The available carbon dioxide pool

7. Which curve(s) would you expect to represent species that have many offspring but do not care for them well?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 1 and 2

8. Which of the following characteristics describes either alfisols or mollisols?

1. Prevalent in the United States
2. Found primarily in forest biomes
3. Typically very fertile and productive

- I only
- II only
- I and II only
- I and III only

9. Which of the following scenarios is typically associated with increased population growth?

1. Larger tax base resulting in lower taxes for workers
2. Coastline development and loss of coral reefs
3. Increased vehicle traffic, which increases air pollution

- I only
- III only
- I and II only
- II and III only

10. Scientists examining ecosystems in Yellowstone National Park found that the populations of certain plant species preyed on by elk – including willow trees and cottonwood plants – had declined prior to the implementation of the Endangered Species Act and the reintroduction of gray wolves to the park. Restoring Yellowstone's wolf population caused the elk population on which the wolves prey to decrease and the willow and cottonwood populations to increase. This caused a corresponding increase in Yellowstone's beaver population, which preys on willow trees. Which species is most likely the keystone species at Yellowstone?

- Beaver
- Cottonwood plant
- Willow tree
- Wolf

11. Which of the following is true of integrated pest management?
- Biocontrol methods minimize environmental disruption
- Crop rotation results in increased pests and low crop yield
- Mechanical traps are a last resort due to their unreliability
- The use of pesticides is highly encouraged to control pests

12. What occurrence might be connected to nitrate fertilizers being used on crops?
1. The nutrients in the soil of a farm are being depleted.
2. Waterlogging of the soil is occurring on a farm.
3. Large fish kills are occurring in streams by a farm.

- II only
- III only
- I and II only
- II and III only