The method whereby rules of perspective are applied to represent unusual points of view, especially when depicting to the human form, is called:

Foreshortening.

Explanation:

In art, the term foreshortening refers to making objects appear closer than they actually may be, due to the angle or perspective it is drawn in. By making the object shorter, an artist creates an illusion that the object is closer to the viewer, although in reality it is not. Here is an example of what that looks like in art:

c, d, e, f, g, a, b, and c.

sometimes western music will also use solfege. the names of these are do ra me fa sol la si (or ti) and do.

to indicate a note a half step higher or lower then the original note, you would say c # (for a half a step above c) or bb (for half a step below b)

a fashion movement

sorry if this is wrong