Look at this painting by Jacques-Louis David. Which feature makes this a
Neoclassical work?
O
A. The depiction of a heroic struggle
O
B. The use of muted chiaroscuro
C. The depiction of a religious myth
O
D. The use of ancient Greek subject matter

earliest

neumes above text

neumes

colored lines

neumes

4-line staff

f, c, or g clef

notes on 5-line staff with clef

mensuration (longas and breves)

time signature (perfect or half circle)

most recent

notes on 5-line staff

modern clefs

modern note values (whole, half, quarter, and so on)

modern time signature

italian words and abbreviations for dynamics and tempo

staccato, slurs, and so on

the sculpture i am pretty sure you are talking about is the statue b. the david statue now lives in the galleria dell'accademia, florence, italy. it was made by ‎michelangelo.

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !