What was invented by British inventor Goldsworthy Gurney in the 1800s?

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This painting is by james whistler, and is entitled, symphony in blue and pink. what is the subject matter of this piece?

In this unit, it is mentioned that in order to enter into the field of photography, most jobs require at least a high school degree. since there is a possibility you can attain one of these jobs with just finishing high school, why do some people get an associates or bachelor’s degree?