Saul is doing his final paper about film theory before 1945. Help him define the two main approaches to film theory before 1945. Medium (Theory, Essentialism, Specificity, Cinema) is a type of film theory that attempts to define and isolate what is specific to cinema. On the other hand, medium (Theory, Essentialism, Specificity, Cinema) insists that cinema must alter the appearance of reality in ways that are uniquely cinematic.