the surgical creation of an opening between the colon and body surface is known as a/an a. colostomy b. nephrostomy c. gastroduodenostomy d. gastrostomy

The right option is a.colostomy

A colostomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is made between the colon and body surface. During colostomy, an opening is made by bringing one end of the large intestine or colon out through the abdominal wall using incision. Colostomy is performed when the large intestine is blocked or damaged and when a ruptured colon causes an abdominal infection. The procedure may be short-term or permanent.

surface mining destroys mountain tops, landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats. on top of that, it leads to soil erosion and destruction of agricultural land. the landscape changes can also disrupt river channels and streams, which leads to flooding. which, can destroy plant life and other animals as well.

explanation: