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The answer is option B "a decrease in the number of consumers." Producers are plants. When making roads, and parking lots it causes deforestation which is the process of taking out a lot of plants which is a huge decrease in producers for that ecosystem. Also would take out a lot of habitats for animals which would cause death unless the animals can adapt to their new environment, or move to a new ecosystem. Which means either one could be correct. 

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C. gemstones they are the only non metallic mineral from the list.