Let's consider a scenario in which the resting membrane potential changes from −70 mv to +70 mv, but the concentrations of all ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids are unchanged. predict how this change in membrane potential affects the movement of na+. the electrical gradient for na+ would tend to move na+ while the chemical gradient for na+ would tend to move na+ view available hint(s)

Let's consider a scenario in which the resting membrane potential changes from −70 mV to +70 mV, but the concentrations of all ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids are unchanged. Predict how this change in membrane potential affects the movement of Na+. The electrical gradient for Na+ would tend to move Na+ Outside the cell (extracellular) while the chemical gradient for Na+ would tend to move Na+ Inside the cell (intracellular).

The electrical gradient is defined as the + goes to the - and the - goes to the +
Na + has a positive charge, but there's more positive charge inside the cell than outside (due to potassium), therefore, Na+ goes extracellular (out)
The concentration gradient considers that the ion will go from the most concentrated to at least concentrated by passive diffusion so no trans-membrane proteins in the game attention.Na + is very concentrated in extracellular and few intracellular, therefore, it tends to go intracellular (in).

Holozoic nutrition refers to the regular animal nutrition mode whereas saprophytic nutrition refers to the nutrition mode of fungi and bacteria.