Interferons are released by some macrophages and lymphocytes, but also by cells carrying what pathogen?

Answer;
Interferons are released by some macrophages and lymphocytes, but also by cells carrying viruses.

Explanation; 
Interferons are proteins called cytokines that are produced by the white blood cells, fibroblasts, macrophages or T-cells as part of the immune response to a viral infection or other immune triggers. These proteins have the ability to interfere with the production of new virus particles, thus the name interferons.

Other organisms can change their behavior to take the place of the plants in the ecosystem.