Why would a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise be quasi-experimental in design versus experimental? the sample size was small randomization was not used in sample selection the dependent variables were not manipulated the independent variables were not manipulated?

4. multiple crosses were made between true-breeding lines of black and yellow labrador retrievers. all the f1 progeny were black. when these progeny were intercrossed, they produced an f2 consisting of 91 black, 39 yellow and 30 chocolate. a. propose an explanation for the inheritance of coat color in labradors. b. propose a biochemical pathway for coat color determination and indicate how the relevant genes control coat coloration.