The cloaca is used by 2 other body systems other than digestion. what are they

The cloaca is also used in the urinary and reproductive system.

Explanation:

The cloaca is a chamber into which the digestive , urinary and reproductive tracts discharge contenst.  The cloaca is  formed at around 21 days' gestation in  all human embryos up to week 4-6 , then it is partitioned into the urogenital sinus and the rectum.

In some cases malformations in the embryonic development lead to a birth defect called persistent cloaca. In this malformation the rectum, vagina, and urinary tract  are fused and create a  common channel.

d. groundwater flows through the subsoil and deposits minerals.

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.