Apatient goes to the doctor complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. explain how a doctor would use scientific process to diagnose the patient

I’m doing some practice exam questions for biology, and i’m not sure how to do these 3 parts to the question.

How can a geological time scale best be reconstructed? a) comparing vestigial structures in living species b) comparing homologous structures in living species c) examining homologous structures in fossil remains d) examining the written records of scientists from past cultures

What part of the brain is highlighted in the diagram below?