Endurance athletes who exercise for long periods of time and consume only water may experience a sodium deficit in their extracellular fluid. this electrolyte imbalance is known as:

It is known as hyponatremia

When the ball is rising up, it gains kinetic energy. when the ball reaches the very top, it will have all potential energy, until it falls back down and gains it kinetic energy. finally when you catch the ball or it falls back down, it would have gained its potential energy back.

The answer would be b. it is a learned trait