One of the first clinical cases that contributed to our knowledge of brain function, phinneas gage, suffered damage to his temporal lobe frontal lobe parietal lobe occipital lobe

Answer;

-Frontal lobe

Explanation;

-The frontal lobe is the part of the brain whose role is to control important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors.

-Phineas Gage is often referred to as one of the most famous patients in neuroscience. He suffered a traumatic brain injury when an iron rod was driven through his entire skull, destroying much of his frontal lobe.

-His miraculous survival, and the effects of the injury upon his character, made Gage a curiosity to the public and an important case study for scientists hoping to understand more about the brain.

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.