Which is not an effect of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms? a. energy is being stored and released. b. molecules are continually being rearranged. c. electrons are constantly being shared and transferred. d. isotopes are forming and changing.

Isotopes are forming and changing is  not a associated function with necessity functions of a living organism.

Option (d) Isotopes are forming and changing is not an effect of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different masses. Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.So this is not related .

this is true, assuming that the allele is completely recessive and incomplete dominance is not a factor.

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