Explain how the formation of sea ice affects the salinity of ocean water

The answer is; Formation of sea ice increases the salinity of the oceans

When ice form in water, this water is ‘osmotically isolated’ (in solid form) hence making liquid water become lesser in quantity than before. Since the number of dissolved salts remain more or less the same and the liquid water in which it is dissolved has reduced, then the water becomes more concentrated (because they are now more ppm of salts in each cubic amount of the water).

the answer is b.) hydrogen bonds between bases.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.