James has damage to his left ventricle of the heart and as a result of this damage doctors are going to have to perform surgery and cut into his heart to fix the deformity. explain to james what layers of the serous membrane the doctors will have to cut through in order to reach his heart by starting with the most superficial layers working to the deepest areas.

A smooth tissue membrane comprising of two mesothelium layers that discharge serous fluid is known as a serous membrane. The inner layer that envelopes the viscera (organs) in the body cavities is known as the visceral membrane. A second layer of the serous membrane's epithelial cells known as the parietal layer envelopes the body wall.  

In order to do surgery of a heart, the surgeon first has to go through the serous membrane, which surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity known as the pleura. After that, the surgeon has to go through the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium also known as epicardium.  

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

the actual answer was 160934