How are the reproductive cycles of a fungus and a pteridophyte similar? a. both organisms form fruiting bodies that produce diploid seeds. b. both organisms reproduce sexually when two haploid hyphae fuse. c. both organisms produce haploid spores and exhibit diploid and haploid stages. d. both organisms exhibit a diploid stage and are only able to reproduce asexually. reset next plants and fungi: mastery test

The correct answer is option C, that is, both the organisms generate haploid spores and exhibit diploid and haploid stages.  

The sporophyte (of the haploid stage) in pteridophytes produce spores. The diploid stage in pteridophytes may take place when two of the spores combines and give rise to a prothallus, that is, the diploid stage of the pteridophytes.  

In fungi, the production of spores takes place by sporangiophores (haploid stage). At a certain stage, two horizontal hyphae among the two species of fungi, may amalgamate at the tips and produce a zygote (diploid) via plasmogamy and karyogamy.  

Both organisms exhibit a diploid stage and are only able to reproduce asexually.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

affects the water bodies: excessive use of fertilizers causes eutrophication. the fertilizers which are used on plants affect the quality of land on which it is used, further causing erosion of soil. the fertilizers used on plants contain harmful chemical fumes which affect the environment.