Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight. within an ecosystem, energy is transformed, used, and exits the ecosystem as heat. drag the terms to complete this concept map about energy and trophic levels.

The correct terms for completing the concept of energy and trophic levels are as follows-

a) Solar energy

b) Trophic levels

c) Heat

d) Tertiary consumers

e) Secondary consumers

f) Primary consumers

g) Primary producers

h) Decomposers.

Energy flow in an ecosystem is driven by solar energy that is captured and converted into chemical energy by primary producers ( like green plants and algae). The energy moves through different trophic levels according to the 10% law of energy transfer and the rest energy is released as heat.

Primary producers are eaten by primary consumers, which are eaten by secondary consumers that are eaten by tertiary consumers. The organic matter that becomes dead is ultimately decomposed with the help of decomposers.

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

trachea, alveoli, lung capillaries, arteries