What is weather? a: the weight of all the air molecules in the atmosphere pressing down on earth. b: long term patterns in temperature and precipitation. c: physical state of the atmosphere at any given time and place. d: the measure of how quickly molecules are moving.

I believe it is C: Physical state of the atmosphere at any given time and place

c because weather is the state of atmosphere at any given time and place

on island x the species needed to adapt because they were being subject to predators which didn't inhabit island y.  

it depends on how much it could carry.