How do we know that the xylem and phloem of a plant are similar to the veins and arteries of a human?

a. we observe and record both organisms under many similar conditions
b. we assume that they both serve the same function because they are the outer covering.
c. we just know that the xylem and phloem transport blood through the tree.
d. we count the number of tree rings to see how old the tree is.

Which of the following is an example of competition that could be found in a forest? question 14 options: deer eat berries and their droppings seed new areas creating more berry bushes two fox populations utilize the same rabbit population as their main food source two hawk populations utilize the same scorpion population as their main food source lack of sunlight due to changes in the seasons restricts the growth of certain plants

What is an endocrine function? (apex) a.esophageal glands release mucus into the esophagus b.salivary glands release saliva into mouth c.swear glands release sweat to the skin d.the pineal gland releases melatonin into the bloodstream

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.