Jay kaufman said that while scientists cannot collect and study samples of the ancient atmosphere, they can "collect rocks that were formed… under that atmosphere." why are scientists able to learn about the ancient atmosphere by studying the rocks that came into contact with the ancient atmosphere?

The scientists are able to get information from the rocks about the ancient atmosphere because the rocks have been in contact with it. By being in contact with the atmosphere, the rocks manage to get the gases from their atmosphere into their structure. Some rocks are better in providing this evidence than others, as it depends on how much a rock has been exposed to the atmosphere, as well as its structure, but still they have at least certain amount of elements that are good indicators about the composition of the ancient atmosphere, and to what kind of environment it was contributing.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

rising temperatures because when water vapor in the air is cooled, it condenses. it turns back into a liquid and attaches to dust particles in the air. these very small water droplets group together to form clouds