Idea that scientific research should be judged solely on the basis of quality.

the answer is universal-ism

This is known as the Norm of Universalism. There are four scientific norms that apply to the pursuit of science. The other three are the Norm of Organized Skepticism which states that no scientific theory or finding is immune to questioning, the Norm of Communalism which states that all scientific knowledge should be made available to everyone and the Norm of Disinterestedness which states that scientists should seek truth not personal gain.

your answer is going to be physical weathering