Which statements accurately describe short-term environmental changes? check all that apply.

short-term environmental changes cause changes in genetic makeup.
short-term environmental changes do not happen suddenly with little warning.
short-term environmental changes can occur in minutes to hundreds of years.
short-term environmental changes do not affect organisms within an ecosystem.
short-term environmental changes immediately affect organisms in the environment.

The correct option is Short-term environmental changes immediately affect organisms in the  environment

Explanation:

Environmental changes which occurs over a period of few months to few years is termed as short term environmental changes. The changes may be created by humans or a natural process. The short term environmental changes are triggered by natural catastrophic events like tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, cyclones, asteroid impacts. These type of effects has impact on the organisms living in that zone.

The short term environmental changes that occurs due to humans are destruction of habitat, construction of roads, deforestation, air and ground pollution, harvesting of natural resources like overhunting and overfishing.

All these activities destroy the organisms living in the ecosystem, and pollution also destroys the habitat these organisms live in.  

On the basis of the above explanation is:  

Short-term environmental changes immediately affect organisms in the environment.

well, that's easy; the answer's c, "it reduces contamination of the water and substrate of the estuary."