Without sodium potassium pumps, cells

Answers. Sodium/potassium pumps (Na/K ATPase) pump 3 Na out of the cell and 2 K into the cell. Without that, there would be relatively more ions in the cell. Therefore, the cell would swell up from osmosis. However, there is a basal efflux of K, (resting membrane potential), that would eventually equilibrate with the extracellular concentration.

The cells won't be able to move molecules in and out of the cells

step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.