Over time, some organisms have co-evolved so they mutually benefit and depend upon one another. many plants, for example, have developed adaptations in order to attract specific animals that can spread their pollen or seeds and ensure the plant's reproductive success.

which of the following is an example of this type of co-evolution?
a.
a flower develops a yellow and blue color, so it can be seen by bees which are attracted to these colors.

b.
a flower develops a musty odor and only opens at night to attract nocturnal bats with a similar odor.

c.
a flower develops a large, flat surface to attract butterflies that prefer to perch as they feed.

d.
all of these

The correct answer is - D. all of these.

The collaboration between different types of organisms in nature is not something weird, it actually happens quite a lot. When we have a situation where two or more organisms have developed a relationship from which both of them benefit, we are talking about mutualistic symbiotic relationship.

The flowers and the pollinating animals are perfect example of this type of relationship. The flowers develop certain color or smell that will attract certain type of the pollinators. They will be attracted by the flower and pollinate it. The flower will become fertilized in that way, while the animal will get food source. Also, the pollinating animal will disperse the pollen in the surrounding area.

the calvin cycle has three stages. in stage 1, the enzyme rubisco incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. in stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced. in stage 3, rubp, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue

b is the correct answer