What process releases the least atp per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use?

The correct answer would be anaerobic respiration.

In anaerobic respiration, cell or organism uses substances other than oxygen as the final acceptor of the electrons.

These substances are generally inorganic substances such as nitrate, sulfate, sulfur, et cetera.

These substances have lower reduction potential due to which ATP produced is less than that of aerobic respiration.

It produces less ATP per molecule of glucose, however, it enables the cell to use this energy immediately. For example, during vigorous exercise muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration (lactic acid fermentation) in order to produce ATP for immediate use.

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for agarose-based ip to purify and enrich the protein of interest.