Stacks of granum are connected to each other by

Lamellae

Explanation:

Chloroplasts are plant (also found in algae) organelles in which photosynthesis occurs. These structures contain pigments (such as chlorophyll) that have the ability to absorb light energy and convert it to sugars necessary for the growth and development of the plant.

Structure of the chloroplast: They are disc-shaped with outer and inner membranes and intermembrane space between them. Inside the chloroplast there is a fluid-filled space called stroma. Stroma contains membrane discs – thylakoids that are arranged in interconnected stacks called grana. In the thylakoid membrane is chlorophyll and inside the thylakoid disc is the space called the thylakoid space.

from my research i have to the conclusion that decomposers, such as fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, play a critical role in nutrient cycling and without them the earth's ecosystem may not support life as we know it. elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus exist in limited amounts on earth, although huge amounts of carbon are being released into the atmosphere from underground sources now by humans. it is still extremely important that other nutrients be retained by the process of re-use. decomposers are organisms that are able to chemically break down dead material and make these elements available for use by other organisms. without this breakdown of dead material, dead bodies would pile up. so decomposers also play a role in clean up also. without them, life might not continue as we know it and dead material would overwhelm the earth.    

it is a learned trait

explanation: