Metamorphic rock formation from sedimentary rocks is caused by heat and pressure. after millions of years in transformation, the heat and pressure of the earth's crust changes the physical and chemical properties of rock creating new textures to the rock. metamorphic rocks are separated into two categories by their texture, foliated rocks and non-foliated rocks. the foliation or occurs in metamorphic rock is because of the immense found deep within the earth's interior.

Lineation and metamorphic pressure.

Explanation:

Lineation is another term for foliation and metamorphic pressure is the force that causes metamorphism in the earth.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).