In most hypotheses of early earth and the formation of life, it is accepted that the atmosphere was a reducing one. this means that there was an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water vapor, but there was an absence of significant amounts of oxygen gas. based on this assumption, what was likely the first metabolic activity to harness atp to evolve in primitive cells? a) photosynthesis, as plants evolved before animals b) cellular respiration, as this generates the most atp c) glycolysis, as this does not require organelles not oxygen d) calvin cycle, as glucose was required by all cells for metabolism

Which of these is true of the cytoplasm of an unfertilized egg? a. it is an unevenly distributed mixture of mrna, proteins, organelles, and other substances. b. it does not contain substances that are important in directing development. c. these substances are supplied by the sperm. d. it does not contain substances that are important in directing development. e. development is directed solely by the surrounding cells. f. it is a homogeneous mixture of mrna, proteins, organelles, and other substances. g. it does not contain substances that are important in directing development. h. these substances are produced by the dna of the fertilized zygote.