Prokaryotes can take up genetic material from each other without reproducing or even being closely related in a phenomenon called?

a. abiogenesis
b. ribosomal uptake
c. horizontal gene transfer
d. parasitism

C. horizontal gene transfer

Explanation:

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can be defined as a method of gene transfer, which involves movement of genetic material between organisms by means other than reproduction or transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring.

In prokaryotes, HGT occurs by means of conjugation, transformation, or transduction.

Conjugation involves transfer of DNA between bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact or conjugation bridge. Transformation involves uptake of naked DNA by the bacterial cells and trasnduction involves gene transfer wit the help of bacteriophages.  

Thus, the correct answer is option (C).

Horizontal gene transfer or lateral gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the transmission of DNA from parent to offspring. HGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.

the calvin cycle has three stages. in stage 1, the enzyme rubisco incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. in stage 2, the organic molecule is reduced. in stage 3, rubp, the molecule that starts the cycle, is regenerated so that the cycle can continue

structure is maintained and sustained by:

-cytoskeleton: gives cells coherence

-cell wall: support

-cytoplasm: shape

hope this .