Which of the following is an example of light pollution?

a
a street lamp that has a cover around it that focuses all of the light towards the ground allowing people to see the sidewalk.
b
a construction project that is careful to avoid working at night in order to avoid the use of lights.
c
a roadway that has new technology utilizing paint that glows at night and motion sensor lights to avoid using too much light.
d
a large building in new york city that leaves all of their lights on indoors and outdoors during migratory seasons.