The first chemist to begin quantifying the process of photosynthesis was: jan ingenhousz joseph priestly nicholas de saussure jan baptista van helmont

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

hydrogen is a compound or a single element and a element is a pure substence that cannot be separated into simpler subtances

clorine is a compound its a chemical substance that forms when two or more different elements combine

so both hydrogen and clorine are compounds