Experiments using "optical tweezers" measure the elasticity of individual dna molecules. for small enough changes in length, the elasticity has the same form as that of a spring. a dna molecule is anchored at one end, then a force of 1.5nn (1.5×10−9n) pulls on the other end, causing the molecule to stretch by 5.0nm (5.0×10−9m).

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.

not sure if this is what you'r looking for eubacteria and archaebacteria

geologic time scale (for gradpoint) =)

you should wear a lead protective shield when having teeth x-rays

hope i

-lavira : )