Which of the following is an assumption made by the logistic model?
a. every individual has the same negative effect on population growth rate, independent of density.
b. populations that reach carrying capacity always experience a delay before the negative effects occur.
c. there are no other species competing for the same resources as the observed population.
d. there is no immigration or emigration of individuals occurring within the population.

Explanation:

Every individual has the same negative effect on population growth rate, independent of density.

the answer for this question would be d. glaciers

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.