Amutation of lys to phe in a protein causes the protein no longer bind it's substrate. the substrate contains several functional groups important for binding to the protein. the mutation of the protein would likely disrupt the binding to which type of functional group?

It would disrupt binding to negatively charged functional groups.

Explanation:

The lysine side chain contains an amino group (-NH3) that is usually protonated under physiolgoical pH (-NH4+), making it positively charged and basic. This enables it to interact with negatively charged functional groups (e.g. deprotonated acids, -COO-). Phenylalanine contains an aromatic ring but no charged functional groups in its side chain. Therefore, a mutation from Lys to Phe would prevent interaction with negatively charged functional groups.

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.