Describe the process of generating rna. what enzymes are involved? what is a gene? what are the 3 types of rna and where are they used in a cell?

In order for genes to express themselves, an RNA molecule must be formed from a DNA molecule. This process is called transcription, and its key enzyme is RNA polymerase. The whole process takes place in the nucleus of the cell.

Initially, a DNA molecule opens at the point where the gene to be transcribed lies. This is due to the action of RNA polymerase, which promotes the opening and exposure of nucleotide sequences that will be transcribed. At this point, it is important to note that only one strand of DNA will be used for synthesis.

RNA polymerase will also guide ribonucleotide pairing, thus leading to stretching of the RNA strand. Nucleotides found in DNA differ from those found in RNA in that, in RNA, sugar is ribose (so called ribonucleotides) and the nitrogen base is uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). .

There are three types of RNA, messenger RNA, carrier RNA, and ribosomal RNA.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is responsible for bringing information from the nucleus DNA to the cytoplasm, where the protein will be produced. Since RNA is a faithful copy of one of the strands of DNA, it is from this information that messenger RNA will determine which amino acids are required for the formation of a given protein, as it has the nitrogen base cracks that define it. each amino acid. Carrier RNA (tRNA) is also produced from a strand of DNA. This RNA is so called because it is responsible for transporting the amino acids that will be used in protein formation to the ribosomes, where there will actually be protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), called by some as ribosomal RNA, is part of the constitution of ribosomes. It is on the ribosomes that the messenger RNA base sequence is interpreted and the protein indeed synthesized.

Gene is a sequence of distinct nucleotides that are part of a chromosome. Each gene encodes a particular sequence of a polypeptide chain (union of amino acids that make up the protein). The gene is formed by a sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), the latter being responsible for cell protein synthesis.

Mantle convection  is the slow  creepingmotion of earth's solid silicate  mantle  caused by  convection  currents carrying  heat from the interior  to the planet's surface.[1][2]  the earth's surface  lithosphere, which rides atop the  asthenosphere  (the two components of the  upper mantle), is divided into a number of  plates  that are continuously being created and consumed at their opposite  plate boundaries. accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a plate, associated with  seafloor spreading. this hot added material cools down by  conduction  and  convection  of heat. at the consumption edges of the plate, the material has thermally contracted to become dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of  subduction  usually at an  ocean trench.[3]this subducted material sinks through the earth's interior. some subducted material appears to reach the lower mantle,[4]  while in other regions, this material is impeded from sinking further, possibly due to a phase transition from  spinel  to  silicate perovskiteand  magnesiowustite, an  endothermic reaction.[5]the subducted oceanic crust triggers  volcanism, although the basic mechanisms are varied. volcanism may occur due to processes that add buoyancy to partially melted mantle causing an upward flow due to a decrease in density of the partial melt.secondary forms of convection that may result in surface volcanism are postulated to occur as a consequence of intraplate extension[6]  and  mantle plumes.[7]it is because the mantle can convect that the  tectonic plates  are able to move around the earth's surface.[8]mantle convection seems to have been much more active during the  hadean  period, resulting in gravitational sorting of heavier molten  iron, and  nickel  elements and  sulphides  in the core, and lighter  silicate minerals  in the  mantle.