Protons (h +) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems i and ii. the excess of protons in the thylakoid space enters the photorespiration pathway. converts nadp to nadph and generates atp in the process. is small enough to diffuse back out through the lipid bilayer. raises the ph of the space until the processes stop. moves from the thylakoid space to the stroma through an atp synthase complex channel that generates atp.

In a certain ecosystem owls are predators for mice. the owl population increases and they eat more mice this causes the mouse population to decrease what happens next? a.the birth of mice increases. b. the birth rate of owls increases c. the population of owls decreases d. the population of mice increases

Hedgerows have created a new ecosystem within britain’s a. farms b. cities c. forests d. industrial areas

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).